2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following passage.For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A,B,C andD.Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET L.(10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11,2009.Itis the first worldwide epidemic 1 by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert 2 an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp risein cases in Australia,and rising 3 in Britain,Japan,Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is"4"in severity,according to Margaret Chan,the organization's director general,5 the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery,often in the6 of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global 7 in late April 2009,when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually largenumber of hospitalizations and deaths 8 healthy adults.As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of apanic,cases began to 9 in New York City,the southwestern United States and around the world.officials reported there was 11 flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the 12 tested are thenew swine flu,also known as (A)HIN1,not seasonal flu.In the U.S.,it has 13 more than one million people,and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials 14 Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began 15 orders fromthe states for the new swine flu vaccine.The new vaccine,which is different from the annual flu vaccine,is 16ahead of expectations.More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009,though mostof those 17 doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type,which is not18 for pregnant women,people over50 or those with breathing difficulties,heart disease or several other 19.But it was still possible to vaccinatepeople in other high-risk group:health care workers,people20 infants and healthy young people.1 [A]criticized[B]appointed[C]commented[D]designated2 [A]proceeded[B]activated[C]followed[D]prompted3[A]digits[B]numbers[C]amounts[D]sums4 [A]moderate[B]normal[C]unusual[D]extreme5 [A]with[B]in[C]from[D]by6 [A]progress[B]absence[C]presence[D]favor7[A]reality[B]phenomenon[C]concept[D]notice8 [A]over[B]for[C]among[D]to9 [A]stay up[B]crop up[C]fill up[D]cover up10 [A]as[B]if[C]unless[D]until11 [A]excessive[B]enormous[C]significant[D]magnificent12 [A]categories[B]examples[C]patterns[D]samples13 [A]imparted[B]immerse[C]injected[D]infected14 [A]released[B]relayed[C]relieved[D]remained15 [A]placing[B]delivering[C]taking[D]giving16 [A]feasible[B]available[C]reliable[D]applicable17 [A]prevalent[B]principal[C]innovative[D]initial18 [A]presented[B]restricted[C]recommended[D]introduced19 [A]problems[B]issues[C]agonies[D]sufferings20 [A]involved in[B]caring for[C]concerned with[D]warding offSection II Reading comprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four passages.Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A,B,C and D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)TextlThe longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works byDamien Hirst,"Beautiful Inside My Head Forever",at Sotheby's in London on September 15th 2008.All but twopieces sold,fetching more than f70m,a record for a sale by a single artist.It was a last victory.As the auctioneercalled out bids,in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street,Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003.Atits peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion,reckons Clare Mc Andrew,founder of Arts Economics,a researchfirm-double the figure five years earlier.Since then it may have come down to $50 billion.But the marketgenerates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth,enormous egos,greed,passion andcontroversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr.Hirst's sale,spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable,especially in New York,where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and thefinancial demise of many art-buying investors.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries andsalerooms.Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector-for Chinesecontemporary art-they were down by nearly 90%in the year to November 2008.Within weeks the world's twobiggest auction houses,Sotheby's and Christie's,had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who hadplaced works for sale with them.The current downtum in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at theend of 1989,a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the Second World War.This timeexperts reckon that prices are about 40%down on their peak on average,though some have been far more fluctuant.But Edward Dolman,Christie's chiefexecutive,says:"I'm pretty confident we're at the bottom."What makes this slump different from the last,he says,is that there are still buyers in the market,whereas in2the early 1990s,when interest rates were high,there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell.Christie's revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006.Almost everyone whowas interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but alack of good work to sell.The three Ds-death,debt and divorce-still deliver works of art to the market.Butanyone who does not have to sell is keeping away,waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as"a last victory"becauseA.the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying "spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggests thatA.collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB.people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD.works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph areA.auction houses'favorites B.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulation D.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could beA.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date ArtAuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsTEXT2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room-a women's group that had invited mento join them.Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative,frequently offering ideas andanecdotes,while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch.Toward the end of the evening I commented thatwomen frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them.This man quickly nodded in agreement.Hegestured toward his wife and said,"She's the talker in our family."The room burst into laughter;the man lookedpuzzled and hurt."It's true,"he explained."When I come home from work,I have nothing to say.If she didn't keepthe conversation going,we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in publicsituations,they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.3The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s.Sociologist Catherine KohlerRiessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk"that most of the women she interviewed-but only a few of themen-gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces.Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50percent,that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -a virtual epidemic of failedconversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangibleinequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more thantheir share of daily life-support work like cleaning,cooking,social arrangements and errands.Instead they focusedon communication:"He doesn't listen to me.""He doesn't talk to me."I found as Hacker observed years before thatmost wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share thisexpectation of the ir wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting atthe breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face,while a woman glares at the back of it,wanting totalk.26.What is most wives'main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D.Sharing housework27.Judging from the context,the phrase"wreaking havoc"(Line 3,Para.2)most probably meansA.generating motivation.B.exerting influence C.causing damage D.creating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPTA.men tend to talk more in public than womenB.nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesD.a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B.Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational pattems between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus onA.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D.a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerText3Over the past decade,many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors-habits-among consumers.These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks,applylotions and wipe counters almost without thinking,often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues."There are fundamental public health problems,like dirty hands instead of a soap habit,that remain killers4only because we can't figure out how to change people's habits,"Dr.Curtis said."We wanted to learn from privateindustry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically."The companies that Dr.Curtis turned to-Procter Gamble,Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever-hadinvested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers'lives that corporations could use tointroduce new routines.If you look hard enough,you'll find that many of the products we use every day-chewing gums,skinmoisturizers,disinfecting wipes,air fresheners,water purifiers,health snacks,antiperspirants,colognes,teethwhiteners,fabric softeners,vitamins-are results of manufactured habits.A century ago,few people regularlybrushed their teeth multiple times a day.Today,because of canny advertising and public health campaigns,manyAmericans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day,often with Colgate,Crest orone of the other brands.A few decades ago,many people didn't drink water outside of a meal.Then beverage companies startedbottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys,is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener andteeth cleanser for use after a meal.Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped inbetween hair brushing and putting on makeup."Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,"said Carol Berning,a consumerpsychologist who recently retired from Procter Gamble,the company that sold $76 billion of Tide,Crest andother products last year."Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers'lives,and it'sessential to making new products commercially viable."Through experiments and observation,social scientists like Dr.Berning have leamed that there is power intying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising.As this new science of habit has emerged,controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soapA.should be further cultivatedB.should be changed graduallyC.are deeply rooted in historyD.are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as toA.reveal their impact on people's habitsB.show the urgent need of daily necessitiesC.indicate their effect on people's buying powerD.manifest the significant role of good habits33.Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people's habits?A.TideB.CrestC.ColgateD.Unilever5