2013考研英语二真题及答案解析Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money,you might think that we would move quickly to thecashless society in which all payments are made electronically.1a true cashless society isprobably not around the comner.Indeed,predictions have been 2_for two decades but have not yetcome to fruition.For example,Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of paymentwould soon "revolutionize the very _3_of money itself,"only to 4_itself several years later.Why hasthe movement to a cashless society been so 5_in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system basedon paper,several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system.First,it is very_7 to set upthe computer,card reader,and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic moneythe 8 form of payment Second,paper checks have the advantage that they_9 receipts,somethingthat many consumers are unwilling to_10.Third,the use of paper checks gives consumers severaldays of"float"-it takes several days_11 a check is cashed and funds are_12 from the issuer'saccount,which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in themeantime._13 electronic payments arc immediate,they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth,electronic means of payment may_14 security and privacy concerns.We often hearmedia reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and toalter information 15 there.The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest personsmight be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and_17 from someoneelse's accounts.The_18 of this type of fraud is no easy task,and a new field of computer science isdeveloping to 19 security issues.A further concern is that the use of electronic means of paymentleaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data.There are concerns thatgovernment,employers,and marketers might be able to access these data,thereby violating ourprivacy.1.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise2.[A內off[B]back[C]over[D]around3.[A]power[B]concept[C]history[D]role4.[A]reward[B]resist[C]resume[D]reverse5.[A]silent[B]sudden[C]slow[D]steady6.[A]for[B]against[D]on7.[A]imaginative[B]expensive[C]sensitive[D]productive8.[A]similar[B]original[C]temporary[D]dominant9.[A]collect[B]provide[C]copy[D]print10.[A內give up[B]take over[C]bring back[D]pass down11.[A]before[B]after[C]since[D]when12.[A]kept[B]borrowed[C]released[D]withdrawn13.[A]Unless[B]Until[C]Because[D]Though14.[A]hide[B]express[C]raise[D]ease15.[A內analyzed[B]shared[C]stored[D]displayed16.[A]unsafe[B]unnatural[C]uncommon[D]unclear17.[A]steal[B]choose[C]benefit[D]return18.[A]consideration[B]prevention[C]manipulation[D]justification19.[A]cope with[B]fight against[C]adapt to[D]call for20.[A]chunk[B]chip[C]path[D]trailSection ll Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled "Making It in America",the author Adam Davidson relates a joke fromcotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated:The average mill only twoemployees today,"a man and a dog.The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the manaway from the machines."Davidson's article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the pointthat the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomestoday is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technologyrevolution,which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past,workers with average skills,doing an average job,could eam an averagelifestyle,But,today,average is officially over.Being average just won't earn you what it used to.Itcan't when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above averagecheap foreign labor,cheap robotics,cheap software,cheap automation and cheap genius.Therefore,everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them standout in whatever is their field of employment.Yes,new technology has been eating jobs forever,and always will.But there's been anacceleration.As Davidson notes,"In the 10 years ending in 2009,[U.S.factories shed workers sofast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years;roughly one out of every threemanufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total-disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs,new products,new services.But the one thing weknow for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T.revolution,the best jobs willrequire workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over,there are many things we need to do to supportemployment,but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21stcentury that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21.The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate.[A]the impact of technological advances[B]the alleviation of job pressure[C]the shrinkage of textile mills[D]the decline of middle-class incomes22.According to Paragraph 3,to be a successful employee,one has to.[A]work on cheap software[B]ask for a moderate salary[C]adopt an average lifestyle[D]contribute something unique23.The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that[A]gains of technology have been erased[B]job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C]factories are making much less money than before[D]new jobs and services have been offered24.According to the author,to reduce unemployment,the most important is.[A]to accelerate the I.T.revolution[B]to ensure more education for people[C]to advance economic globalization[D]to pass more bills in the 21st century25.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A]New Law Takes Effect[B]Technology Goes Cheap[C]Average Is Over[D]Recession Is BadText 2A century ago,the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners.Alongwith the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who hadno intention to stay,and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed.About a quarter of allItalian immigrants,for example,eventually returned to Italy for good.They even had an affectionatenickname,"uccelli di passaggio,"birds of passage.Today,we are much more rigid about immigrants.We divide newcomers into two categories:legal or illegal,good or bad.We hail them as Americans in the making,or our broken immigrationsystem and the long political paralysis over how to fix it.We don't need more categories,but weneed to change the way we think about categories.We need to look beyond strict definitions oflegal and illegal.To start,we can recognize the new birds of passage,those living and thriving inthe gray areas.We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers,violinists,construction workers,entrepreneurs,engineers,home health-careaides and physicists are among today's birds of passage.They are energetic participants in aglobal economy driven by the flow of work,money and ideas.They prefer to come and go asopportunity calls them,They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission,they straddle laws,jurisdictions and identities with ease.We needthem to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while withoutcommitting themselves to staying forever.We need them to feel that home can be both here andthere and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides ofthe immigration battle.Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up themiddle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths andmultiple outcomes.Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26"Birds of passage"refers to those who_[A]immigrate across the Atlantic[B]leave their home countries for good[C]stay in a foreign temporarily[D]find permanent jobs overseas27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US[A]needs new immigrant categories[B]has loosened control over immigrants[C]should be adopted to meet challenges[D]has been fixed via political means28 According to the author,today's birds of passage want[A]financial incentives.[B]a global recognition.[C]opportunities to get regular jobs.[D]the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated[B]with economic favors.[C]with regal tolerance.[D]as mighty rivals.30 which is the best title of the passage?[A]come and go:big mistake[B]living and thriving great risk[C]with or without:great risk