绝密★启用前2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）(科目代码：201)☆考生注意事项☆1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名：在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效：在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚：涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。(以下信息考生必须认真填写)考生编号考生姓名Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Trust is a tricky business.On the one hand,it's a necessary condition 1manyworthwhile things:child care,friendships,etc.On the other hand,putting your 2in the wrong place often carries a high 3.4,why do we trust at all?Well,because it feels good.5 people placetheir trust in an individual or an institution,their brains release oxytocin,a hormonethat 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct that promptshumans to 7 with one another.Scientists have found that exposure 8 thishormone puts us in a trusting9:In a Swiss study,researchers sprayed oxytocin intothe noses of half the subjects;those subjects were ready to lend significantly higheramounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us,we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us.ACanadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 acredible person and a dishonest one.Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adulttester holding a plastic container.The tester would ask,"What's in here?"beforelooking into the container,smiling,and exclaiming,"Wow!"Each subject was theninvited to look 15.Half of them found a toy;the other half 16 thecontainer was empty-and realized the tester had 17 themAmong the children who had not been tricked,the majority were 18 tocooperate with the tester in learning a new skill,demonstrating that they trusted hisleadership.19,only five of the 30 children paired with the "20"testerparticipated in a follow-up activity.英语（一）试题1.（共14页）1.[A]on[B]like[C]for[D]from2.[A]faith[B]concern[C]attention[D]interest3.[A]benefit[B]debt[C]hope[D]price4.[A]Therefore[B]Then[C]Instead[D]Again5.[A]Until[B]Unless[C]Although[D]When6.[A]selects[B]produces[C]applies[D]maintains7.[A]consult[B]compete[C]connect[D]compare8.[A]at[B]by[C]of[D]to9.[A]context[B]mood[C]period[D]circle10.[A]counterparts[B]substitutes[C]colleagues[D]supporters11.[A]Funny[B]Lucky[C]Odd[D]Ironic12.[A]monitor[B]protect[C]surprise[D]delight13.[A]between[B]within[C]toward[D]over14.[A]transferred[B]added[C]introduced[D]entrusted15.[A]out[B]back[C]around[D]inside16.[A]discovered[B]proved[C]insisted[D]remembered17.[A]betrayed[B]wronged[C]fooled[D]mocked18.[A]forced[B]willing[C]hesitant[D]entitled19.[A]In contrast[B]As a result[C]On the whole[D]For instance20.[A]inflexible[B]incapable[C]unreliable[D]unsuitableSection II Reading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)英语（一）试题.2.（共14页）Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probablygo unmentioned in the next presidential campaign:What happens when the robotscome for their jobs?Don't dismiss that possibility entirely.About half of U.S.jobs are at high risk ofbeing automated,according to a University of Oxford study,with the middle classdisproportionately squeezed.Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don'tappeal to robots.But many middle-class occupations-trucking,financial advice,software engineering-have aroused their interest,or soon will.The rich own therobots,so they will be fine.This isn't to be alarmist.Optimists point out that technological upheaval hasbenefited workers in the past.The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Ludditeswhose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms,but it eventually raised livingstandards and created more jobs than it destroyed.Likewise,automation shouldeventually boost productivity,stimulate demand by driving down prices,and freeworkers from hard,boring work.But in the medium term,middle-class workers mayneed a lot of help adjusting.The first step,as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The SecondMachine Age,should be rethinking education and job training.Curriculums -fromgrammar school to college-should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts andmore on creativity and complex communication.Vocational schools should do abetter job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongsiderobots.Online education can supplement the traditional kind.It could make extratraining and instruction affordable.Professionals trying to acquire new skills will beable to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S.torevive its fading business dynamism:Starting new companies must be made easier.Inprevious eras of drastic technological change,entrepreneurs smoothed the transitionby dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines.The best uses of 3D printersand virtual reality haven't been invented yet.The U.S.needs the new companies thatwill invent them.Finally,because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital incomeand labor income,taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought.Taxes onlow-wage labor need to be cut,and wage subsidies such as the earned income taxcredit should be expanded:This would boost incomes,encourage work,rewardcompanies for job creation,and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years,yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended byautomation.Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts.Butpolicies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.英语（一）试题3.（共14页）21.Who will be most threatened by automation?[A]Leading politicians.[B]Low-wage laborers.[C]Robot owners.[D]Middle-class workers.22.Which of the following best represents the author's view?[A]Worries about automation are in fact groundless.[B]Optimists'opinions on new tech find little support.[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled.[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided.23.Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on[A]creative potential.[B]job-hunting skills.[C]individual needs.[D]cooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at[A]encouraging the development of automation.[B]increasing the return on capital investment.[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.[D]preventing the income gap from widening25.In this text,the author presents a problem with[A]opposing views on it.[B]possible solutions to it.[C]its alarming impacts.[D]its major variations.