2016研究生入学统一考试试题及答案解析（英语二）Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark [A],[B],[C]or [D]on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Happy people work differently.They're more productive,more creative,and willing to takegreater risks.And new research suggests that happiness might influence1 firm's work,too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more,according to a recent researchpaper.2,firms in happy places spend more on R&D(research and development).That'sbecause happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking3 for making investments forThe researchers wanted to know if the4and inclination for risk-taking that come withaveragehappiness 6by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in thoseareas.the area in which they were8But is it really happiness that's linked to investment,or couldsomething else about happier cities 9 why fimms there spend more on R&D?To find out,theresearchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size,industry,and sales -and for indicators that a place was11 to live in,like growth in wages orthese things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms,which the authors13 to "less codified decision making process"and the possible presence ofinvest more in places where most people are relatively happy,rather than in places with happinessinequality.17this doesn'tprove that happiness causes fims to invest more or to take a longer-termview,the authors believe it at least18 at that possibility.It's not hard to imagine that localculture and sentiment would help19 how executives think about the future."It surely seemsplausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and20R&D morethan the average,"said one researcher.1.[A]why[B]where[C]how[D]when2.[A]In return[B]In particular[C]In contrast [D]In conclusion3.[A]sufficient[B]famous[C]perfect [D]necessary4.[A]individualism [B]modemism[C]optimism [D]realism5.[A]echo[B]miss[C]spoil[D]change6.[A]imagined[B]measured[C]invented[D]assumed7.[A]Sure[B]Odd[C]Unfortunate [D]Often8.[A]advertised[B]divided[C]overtaxed[D]headquartered9.[A]explain[B]overstate[C]summarize[D]emphasize10.[A]stages[B]factors[C]levels[D]methods11.[A]desirable[B]sociable[C]reputable[D]reliable12.[A]resumed[B]held[D]broke13.[A]attribute[B]assign[C]transfer[D]compare14.[A]serious[B]civilized[C]ambitious[D]experienced15.[A]thus[B]instead[C]also[D]never16.[A]rapidly[B]regularly[C]directly[D]equally17.[A]After[B]Until[C]While[D]Since18.[A]arrives[B]jumps[C]hintsD]strikes19.[A]shape[B]rediscover[C]simplify[D]share20.[A]pray for[B]lean towards[C]give away[D]send outSection II Reading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosingA,B,Cor D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1It's true that high-school coding classes aren't essential for learning computer science incollege.Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses,said TomCortina,the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science.However,Cortina said,early exposure is beneficial.When younger kids learn computerscience,they learn that it's not just a confusing,endless string of letters and numbers but atool to build apps,or create artwork,or test hypotheses.It's not as hard for them to transform theirthought processes as it is for older students.Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks andusing code to solve them becomes normal.Giving more children this training could increase thenumber of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap,Cortina said.Students also benefit from leaming something about coding before they get to college,whereintroductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim,which can drive theless-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School,where people pay to learn programming,started as one of the manycoding bootcamps that's become popular for adults looking for a career change.Thehigh-schoolers get the same curriculum,but "we try to gear lessons toward things they'reinterested in,"said Victoria Friedman,an instructor.For instance,one of the apps the students aredeveloping suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won't drop out of high school and build the nextFacebook.Programming languages have a quick turnover,so the "Ruby on Rails"language theyleamed may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market.But the skills they learn-how to think logically through a problem andorganize the results-apply to any coding language,said Deborah Seehorn,an educationconsultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.But creating a future army of codersis not the sole purpose of the classes.These kids are going to be surrounded by computers -intheir pockets,in their offices,in their homes -for the rest of their lives.The younger they learnhow computers think,how to coax the machine into producing what they want -the earlier theyleam that they have the power to do that-the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to_A.complete future job trainingB.remodel the way of thinkingC.formulate logical hypothesesD.perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers,Flatiron has considered theirA.experienceB.academic backgroundsC.career prospectsD.interest23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron willA.help students leam other computer languagesB.have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC.need improving when students look for jobsD.enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph,Flatiron students are expected toA.compete with a future ammy of programmersB.stay longer in the information technology industryC.become better prepared for the digitalized worldD.bring forth innovative computer technologies25.The word "coax"(Line4,Para.6)is closest in meaning toA.challengeB.persuadeC.frightenD.misguideText2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens--a kind of bird living onstretching grasslands-once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern andsouthwestern United States.But just some 22,000 birds remain today,occupying about 16%of thespecies'historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided toformally list the bird as threatened."The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,"saidUSFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists,however,were disappointed.They hadpushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered,"a status that gives federal officialsgreater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the"threatened"tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new,potentially lessconfrontational conservations approaches.In particular,they called for forging closercollaborations with western state governments,which are often uneasy with federal action andwith the private landowners who control an estimated 95%of the prairie chicken'shabitat.Under the plan,for example,the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businessesthat unintentionally kill,harm,or disturb the bird,as long as they had signed a range-widemanagement plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states,the planrequires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into afund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also beused to compensate landowners who set aside habitat,USFWS also set an interim goal of restoringprairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years.And itgives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA),a coalition of stateagencies,the job of monitoring progress.Overall,the idea is to let "states"remain in the driver's seat for managing the species,Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan,and at least a dozen industry groups,four states,and three environmental groups are challenging itin federal court Not surprisingly,doesn't go far enough "The federal government is givingresponsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,"saysbiologist Jay Lininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is[A]its drastically decreased population[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]the insistence of private landowners27.The "threatened"tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power[D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted ifthey[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe,the leading role in managing the species in[A]the federal govemment[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support[A]industry groups[B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]the plan under challengeText 3That everyone's too busy these days is a cliche.But one specific complaint is madeespecially mournfully:There's never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don't seemsufficient.The web's full of articles offering tips on making time to read:"Give up TV"or"Carry a book with you at all times"But in my experience,using such methods to free up theodd 30 minutes doesn't work.Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keepsspinning-or else you're so exhausted that a challenging book's the last thing you need.Themodern mind,Tim Parks,a novelist and critic,writes,"is overwhelmingly inclined towardcommunication..It is not simply that one is interrupted,it is that one is actually inclined tointerruption".Deep reading requires not just time,but a special kind of time which can't beobtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact,"becoming more efficient"is part of the problem.Thinking of time as a resource tobe maximised means you approach it instrumentally,judging any given moment as well spent onlyin so far as it advances progress toward some goal immersive reading,by contrast,depends onbeing willing to risk inefficiency,goallessness,even time-wasting.Try to slot it as a to-do list itemand you'll manage only goal-focused reading-useful,sometimes,but not the most fulfilling kind."The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyorbelt,writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time,and "we feel a pressure to fill thesedifferent-sized bottles (days,hours,minutes)as they pass,for if they get by without being filled,we will have wasted them".No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work?Perhaps surprisingly,scheduling regular times for reading.You'd thinkthis might fuel the efficiency mind-set,but in fact,Eberle notes,such ritualistic behaviour helps us“step outside time's flow”into“soul time”.You could limit distractions by reading onlyphysical books,or on single-purpose e-readers."Carry a book with you at all times"can actuallywork,too-providing you dip in often enough,so that reading becomes the default state from whichyou temporarily surface to take care of business,before dropping back down.On a really good dayit no longer feels as if you're "making time to read,"but just reading,and making time foreverything else.31.The usual time-management techniques don't work because[A]what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B]what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[C]what people often forget is carrying a book with them[D]what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32.The "empty bottles"metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to[A]update their to-do lists[B]make passing time fulfilling[C]carry their plans through[D]pursue carefree reading33.Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps[A]encourage the efficiency mind-set[B]develop online reading habits[C]promote ritualistic reading[D]achieve immersive reading34."Carry a book with you at all times"can work if[A]reading becomes your primary business of the day[B]all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C]you are able to drop back to business after reading[D]time can be evenly split for reading and business35.The best title for this text could be[A]How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B]How to Find Time to Read