绝密★启用前2009年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(科目代码：201)☆考生注意事项☆1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名：在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效：在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚：涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。(以下信息考生必须认真填写)考生编号考生姓名Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smarthumans are.1 the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer in theScience Times.Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruitfly 2 to live shorter lives.This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer,thatthere is a(n)4 in not being too bright.Intelligence,it 5,is a high-priced option.It takes more upkeep,burns morefuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning-a(n)7process-instead of instinct.Plenty of other species are able to learn,and oneof the things they've apparently learned is when to 8.Is there an adaptive value to9 intelligence?That's the question behind thisnew research.Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we've leftin the dust I.Q.-wise,it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligencemight be.This is 12 the mind of every animal we've ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animalswould 13 on humans if they had the chance.Every cat with an owner,14,is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning.We believe that 15 animalsran the labs,they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience,our faithfulness,our memory for locations.They would try to decide what intelligence in humans isreally 17,not merely how much of it there is.18,they would hope tostudy a(n)19 question:Are humans actually aware of the world they livein?20 the results are inconclusive.1.[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine2.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened3.[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmer4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priority英语试题.1.(共14页)5.[A]insists on[B]sums up[C]turns out[D]puts forward6.[A]off[B]behind[C]over[D]along7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backward11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across13.[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply14.[A]by chance[B]in contrast[C]as usual[D]for instance15.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach17.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with18.[A]Above all[B]After all[C]However[D]Otherwise19.[A]fundamental [B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D]hostile20.[A]By accident[B]In time[C]So far[D]Better stillSection IIReading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)英语试题2.（共14页）Text 1Habits are a funny thing.We reach for them mindlessly,setting our brains onauto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine."Not choice,but habit rules the unreflecting herd,"William Wordsworth said in the 19th century.Inthe ever-changing 21s century,even the word "habit"carries a negative implication.So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity andinnovation.But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously developnew habits,we create parallel paths,and even entirely new brain cells,that can jumpour trains of thought onto new,innovative tracks.Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit,we caninstead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits.In fact,themore new things we try-the more we step outside our comfort zone-the moreinherently creative we become,both in the workplace and in our personal lives.But don't bother trying to kill off old habits;once those ruts of procedure areworn into the brain,they're there to stay.Instead,the new habits we deliberately pressinto ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads."The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,"says DawnaMarkova,author of The Open Mind."But we are taught instead to 'decide',just asour president calls himself'the Decider'."She adds,however,that"to decide is tokill off all possibilities but one.A good innovational thinker is always exploring themany other possibilities."All of us work through problems in ways of which we're unaware,she says.Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity toapproach challenges in four primary ways:analytically,procedurally,relationally (orcollaboratively)and innovatively.At the end of adolescence,however,the brain shutsdown half of that capacity,preserving only those modes of thought that have seemedmost valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure,meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes ofthought."This breaks the major rule in the American belief system-that anyone cando anything,"explains M.J.Ryan,author of the 2006 book This Year I Will...and Ms.Markova's business partner."That's a lie that we have perpetuated,and it fosterscommonness.Knowing what you're good at and doing even more of it createsexcellence."This is where developing new habits comes in.英语试题3.（共14页）21.In Wordsworth's view,"habits"is characterized by being[A]casual.[B]familiar.[C]mechanical.[D]changeable.22.Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of new habits can be[A]predicted.[B]regulated.[C]traced.[D]guided.23.The word"ruts"(Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]tracks.[B]series.[C]characteristics.[D]connections.24.Dawna Markova would most probably agree that[A]ideas are born of a relaxing mind.[B]innovativeness could be taught.[C]decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas.[D]curiosity activates creative minds.25.Ryan's comments suggest that the practice of standardized testing[A]prevents new habits from being formed.[B]no longer emphasizes commonness.[C]maintains the inherent American thinking mode.[D]complies with the American belief system.英语试题.4.（共14页)