绝密★启用前2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）(科目代码：201)☆考生注意事项☆1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名：在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效：在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚：涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。(以下信息考生必须认真填写)考生编号考生姓名Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Though not biologically related,friends are as "related"as fourth cousins,sharing about 1%of genes.That is 1 a study,published from the Universityof California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences,has 2.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 31,932 unique subjectswhich 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.The same peoplewere used in both 5.While 1%may seem6,it is not so to a geneticist.As James Fowler,professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego,says,"Most people do not even7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the peoplewho8_our kin..”The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared infriends but not genes for immunity.Why this similarity exists in smell genes isdifficult to explain,for now.10,as the team suggests,it draws us to similarenvironments but there is more 11 it.There could be many mechanismsworking together that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13“functional kinship”of being friends with 14_！One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seemto be evolving 15 than other genes.Studying this could help 16 whyhuman evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years,with social environmentbeing a major 17 factor.The findings do not simply explain people's 18 to befriend those ofsimilar 19 backgrounds,say the researchers.Though all the subjects weredrawn from a population of European extraction,care was taken to 20 thatall subjects,friends and strangers,were taken from the same population.英语（一）试题.1.（共14页)1.[A]when[B]why[C]how[D]what2.[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised3.[A]for[B]with[C]on[D]by4.[A]compared[B]sought[C]separated[D]connected5.[A]tests[B]objects[C]samples[D]examples6.[A]insignificant[B]unexpected[C]unreliable[D]incredible7.[A]visit[B]miss[C]seek[D]know8.[A]resemble[B]influence[C]favor[D]surpass9.[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus10.[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]Likewise[D]Perhaps11.[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]like12.[A]drive[B]observe[C]confuse[D]limit13.[A]according to[B]rather than[C]regardless of [D]along with14.[A]chances[B]responses[C]missions[D]benefits15.[A]later[B]slower[C]faster[D]earlier16.[A]forecast[B]remember[C]understand[D]express17.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable[D]disruptive18.[A]endeavor[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]tendency19.[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic20.[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tellSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted"kings don't abdicate,they die intheir sleep."But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left inthe recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.So,does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days?Does thatmean the writing is on the wall for all European royals,with their magnificentuniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy.Whenpublic opinion is particularly polarised,as it was following the end of the Francoregime,.monarchs can rise above“mere”politics and“embody”a spirit ofnational unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs'continuing popularity as heads of state.And so,the Middle East excepted,Europeis the most monarch-infested region in the world,with 10 kingdoms (not countingVatican city and Andorra).But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf andAsia,most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid thedifficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so,kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside.Symbolic ofnational unity as they claim to be,their very history-and sometimes the way theybehave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.At atime when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequalityand the increasing power of inherited wealth,it is bizarre that wealthy aristocraticfamilies should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their oldaristocratic ways.Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles,nothorses (or helicopters).Even so,these are wealthy families who party with theinternational 1%,and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult tomaintain the right image.While Europe's monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for sometime to come,it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy's reputation with herrather ordinary (if well-heeled)granny style.The danger will come with Charles,who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of theworld.He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived becausethey provide a service as non-controversial and non-political heads of state.Charles ought to know that as English history shows,it is kings,not republicans,who are the monarchy's worst enemies.21.According to the first two paragraphs,King Juan Carl of Spain[A]eased his relationship with his rivals.[B]used to enjoy high public support.[C]was unpopular among European royals.[D]ended his reign in embarrassment.22.Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A]to give voters more public figures to look up to.[B]to achieve a balance between tradition and reality.[C]owing to their undoubted and respectable status.[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment.23.Which of the following is shown to be odd,according to Paragraph 4?[A]Aristocrats'excessive reliance on inherited wealth.[B]The role of the nobility in modern democracies.[C]The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.[D]The nobility's adherence to their privileges.24.The British royals"have most to fear"because Charles[A]fails to adapt himself to his future role.[B]fails to change his lifestyle as advised.[C]takes republicans as his potential allies.[D]takes a tough line on political issues.25.Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A]Carlos,Glory and Disgrace Combined[B]Charles,Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C]Carlos,a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles,Slow to React to the Coming Threats英语（一）试题4.（共14页)