2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with--or even looking at --astranger is virtually unbearable.Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle withtheir phones,even without a 1 underground.It's a sad reality--our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings--because there's2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.But you wouldn't know it,3 intoyour phone.This universal armor sends the 4 "Please don't approach me.What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann,executive mental coach.We fear rejection,or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,"We fear we'll be 7.We fear we'llbe disruptive.Strangers are inherently 8 to us,so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicatingwith them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety,we 10 to our phones."Phones become our security blanket,"Wortmann says."They are our happy glasses that protectus from what we perceive is going to be more 11."But once we rip off the bandaid,tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up,it doesn't12 so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroederasked commuters to do the unthinkable:Start a 13.They had Chicago train commuters talk to theirfellow 14."When Dr.Epley and Ms.Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their 16 would be morepleasant if they sat on their own,"the New York Times summarizes.Though the participants didn'texpect a positive experience,after they 17 with the experiment,"not a single person reportedhaving been snubbed."18,these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication,which makes absolute sense,19 human beings thrive off of social connections.It's that 20:Talkingto strangers can make you feel connected.1.[A]ticket [B]permit [C]signal [D]record2.[A]nothing [B]link [C]another [D]much3.[A]beaten [B]guided [C]plugged [D]brought4.[A]message [B]cede [C]notice [D]sign5.[A]under [B]beyond [C]behind [D]from6.[A]misinterpret [B]misapplied [C]misadjusted [D]mismatched7.[A]fired [B]judged [C]replaced [D]delayed8.[A]unreasonable [B]ungrateful [C]unconventional [D]unfamiliar9.[A]comfortable [B]anxious [C]confident [D]angry10.[A]attend [B]point [C]take [D]turn11.[A]dangerous [B]mysterious [c]violent [D]boring12.[A]hurt [B]resist [C]bend [D]decay13.[A]lecture [B]conversation [C]debate [D]negotiation14.[A]trainees [B]employees [C]researchers [D]passengers15.[A]reveal [B]choose [C]predict [D]design16.[A]voyage [B]flight [C]walk [D]ride17.[A]went through [B]did away [C]caught up [D]put up18.[A]In turn [B]In particular [C]In fact [D]In consequence19.[A]unless [B]since [C]if [D]whereas220.[A]funny [B]simple [C]logical [D]rareSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C orD.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys,people are actually more stressed at homethan at work.Researchers measured people's cortisol,which is a stress marker,while they wereat work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge."Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lowerlevels of stress at work than at home,writes one of the researchers,Sarah Damske.In factwomen even say they feel better at work,she notes.It is men,not women,who report being happierat home than at work."Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with childrenand without,but more so for nonparents.This is why people who work outside the home have betterhealth.What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they're at home,whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of theworkday is a time to kick back.For women who stay home,they never get to leave the office.Andfor women who work outside the home,they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.Withthe blurring of roles,and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a makingadjustments for working women,it's not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it's not just a gender thing.At work,people pretty much know what they're supposedto be doing:working,marking money,doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.The bargain is very pure:Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee drawsout life-sustaining moola.On the home front,however,people have no such clarity.Rare is the household in which thedivision of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.There are a lot of tasks to be done,there are inadequate rewards for most of them Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear3rewards for their labor:they need to be talked into it,or if they're teenagers,threatenedwith complete removal of all electronic devices.Plus,they're your family.You cannot fire yourfamily.You never really get to go home from home.So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home.Not only are the tasks apparentlyinfinite,the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home_[A]offered greater relaxation than the workplace[B]was an ideal place for stress measurement[C]generated more stress than the workplace[D]was an unrealistic place for relaxation22.According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A]Childless wives[B]Working mothers[C]Childless husbands[D]Working fathers23.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that_[A]it is difficult for them to leave their office[B]their home is also a place for kicking back[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]they are both bread winners and housewives24.The word "moola"(Line4,Para4)most probably means_[A]skills[B]energy[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that[A]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[B]home is hardly a cozier working environment[C]household tasks are generally more motivating[D]family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years,studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not havea parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors.The ir grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher.But since such students are most likelyto advance economically if they succeed in higher education,colleges and universities have pushedfor decades to recruit more of them.This has created "a paradox"in that recruiting first-generation students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has"continued to reproduce and widen,rather than close"ab achievement gap based on social class,according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to thisproblem,suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour,next-to-no-cost program)canclose 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades)betweenfirst-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities,and their findings are based ona study involving 147 students who completed the project)at an unnamed private university.First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree.Most of thefirst-generation students(59.1 percent)were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant forundergraduates with financial need,while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students witat least one parent with a four-year degree.