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2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二试题National Entrance Test of English II for MA/MSCandidates (NETEM)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B],[C]or [D]onANSWER SHEET 1.10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI Joe as a mindless war toy,the symbol of American militaryadventurism,but that's not how it used to be.To the men and women who Lin World War lI and the people theyliberated,the GI.was the 2 man grown into hero,the poor farm kid tom away from his home,the guy who 3all the burdens of battle,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4 of food and shelter,who stuck itout and drove back the Nazi reign of murder.This was not a volunteer soldier,not someone well paid,5 anaverage guy up 6the best trained,best equipped,fiercest,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name isn't much.GI.is just a military abbreviation 7Government Issue,and it was on all of thearticles8 to soldiers.And Joe?A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top.Joe Blow,JoePalooka.Joe Magrac...a working class name.The United States has_10 had a president or vice-president orsecretary of state Joe.G.I.Joe had a11 career fighting German,Japanese,and Korean troops.He appears as a character.or a12 of American personalities,in the 1945 movie The Story of G.I.Joe,based on the last days of warcorrespondent Emie Pyle.Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film.Pyle was famousfor covering the 14 side of the war,writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers not how many miles were15 or what towns were captured or liberated.His reports 16 the "Willie"cartoons of famed Stars andStripes artist Bill Maulden.Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war,the 18 of civilization that thesoldiers shared with each other and the civilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.19 Egypt,France,and a dozen more countries,G.I.Joe was any American soldier,20 the most important person in their lives.1.[A]performed[B]served[C]rebelled[D]betrayed2.[A]actual[B]common[C]special[D]normal3.[A]bore[B]cased[C]removed[D]loaded4.[A]necessities[B]facilities[C]commodities[D]properties5.[A]and[B]nor[C]but[D]hence6.[A]for[B]into[C]form[D]against7.[A]meaning[B]implying[C]symbolizing[D]claiming8.[A]handed out[B]turn over[C]brought back[D]passed down9.[A]pushed[B]got[C]made[D]managed10.[A]ever[B]never[C]either[D]neither11.[A]disguised[B]disturbed[C]disputed[D]distinguished12.[A]company[B]collection[C]community[D]colony13.[A]employed[B]appointed[C]interviewed[D]questioned14.[A]ethical[B]military[C]political[D]human15.[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained16.[A]paralleled[B]counteracted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted17.[A]neglected[B]avoided[C]emphasized[D]admired18.[A]stages[B]illusions[C]fragments[D]advances19.[A]With[B]To[C]Among[D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B]by this means[C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Reading ComprehensionText 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents,but in recent years it hasbeen particularly scorned.School districts across the country,most recently Los Angeles Unified,are revising theirthinking on his educational ritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandatesthat with the exception of some advanced courses,homework may no longer count for more than 10%of astudent's academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have incompleting their homework.But the policy is unclear and contradictory.Certainly,no homework should beassigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment.But if the district is essentially giving a pass tostudents who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives,it is going riskily close to theimplication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling:teachers are allowed to assign asmuch of it as they want.But with homework counting for no more than 10%of their grades,students can easilyskip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards.Some students might do well on statetests without completing their homework,but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did theirhomework?It is quite possible that the homework helped.Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what worksbest for their students,the policy imposes a flat,across-the-board rule.At the same time,the policy addresses none of the truly thomy questions about homework.If the district findshomework to be unimportant to its students'academic achievement,it should move to reduce or eliminate theassignments,not make them count for almost nothing.Conversely,if homework does nothing to ensure that thehomework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board,which is responsible for setting educationalpolicy,looks into the matter and conducts public hearings.It is not too late for L.A.Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework[A]is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced the ir complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may_[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students'indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers'power in education24.As mentioned in Paragraph 4,a key question unanswered about home work is whether.[A]it should beeliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thomy Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText 2Pretty in pink:adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour,yet it is pervasive in ouryoung girls'lives.It is not that pink intrinsically bad,but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and,though it maycelebrate girlhood in one way,it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls'identity to appearance.Then it presents thatconnection,even among two-year-olds,between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence.Lookingaround,despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls'lives and interests.Girls'attraction to pink may seem unavoidable,somehow encoded in their DNA,but according to Jo Paoletti,an associate professor of American Studies,it's not.Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20thcentury:in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter,since the onlyway of getting clothes clean was to boil them.What's more,both boys and girls wore what were thought of asgender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced,pink was actually considered the more masculinecolour,a pastel version of red,which was associated with strength.Blue,with its intimations of the Virgin Mary,constancy and faithfulness,symbolised femininity.It was not until the mid-1980s,when amplifying age and sexdifferences became a dominant children's marketing strategy,that pink fully came into its own,when it began toseem innately attractive to girls,part of what defined them as female,at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids,including our core beliefs about their psychological development.Take the toddler.I assumed that phase wassomething experts developed after years of research into children's behaviour:wrong.Tums out,according toDaniel Cook,a historian of childhood consumerism,it was popularised as a marketing gimmick by clothingmanufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publications counseled department stores that,in order to increase sales,they should create a"third steppingstone"between infant wear and older kids'clothes.It was only after "toddler"became common shoppers'term thatit evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage.Splitting kids,or adults,into ever-tinier categories hasproved a sure-fire way to boost profits.And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify genderdifferences-or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying"it is...The rainbow"(line 3,Para 1),the author means pinkA should not be the sole representation of girlhood3Bshould not be associated with girls'innocencecannot explain girls'lack of imaginationD cannot influence girls'lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2,which of the following is true of colours?A Colors are encoded in girls'DNAB Blue used to be regarded as the color for girlsC Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing gendersD White is preferred by babies28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological devotement was much influenced by[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may leam from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advisedAfocuses on infant wear and older kids'clothesB attach equal importance to different gendersC classify consumers into smaller groupsD create some common shoppers'terms30.It can be concluded that girl's attraction to pink seems to beA clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB fully understood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD well interpreted by psychological expertsText3In 2010.a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core.Companies had won patents for isolatedDNA for decades-by 2005 some 20%of human genes were patented.But in March 2010 a judge ruled that geneswere unpatentable.Executives were violently agitated.The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO),a tradegroup,assured members that this was just a"preliminary step"in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved,at least temporarily.A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision,ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breastcancer.The chief executive of Myriad,a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patientsalike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine,the courts will remain rather busy.TheMyriad case itself is probably not over.Critics make three main arguments against gene patents:a gene is a productof nature,so it may not be patented;gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it;and patents'monopoliesrestrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's.A growing number seem to agree.Last year a federal task-forceurged reform for patents related to genetic tests.In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriadcase,arguing that an isolated DNA molecule "is no less a product of nature...than are cotton fibres that have beenseparated from cotton seeds."Despite the appeals court's decision,big questions remain unanswered.For example,it is unclear whether thesequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it.The case may yet reach theSupreme Court.AS the industry advances,however,other suits may have an even greater impact.Companies are unlikely tofile many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms arenow studying how genes interact,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease orpredict a drug's efficacy.Companies are eager to win patents for 'connecting the dots',explains Hans Sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue,brought by the Mayo Clinic,which theSupreme Court will hear in its next term.The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coachlawyers on the shifting landscape for patents.Each meeting was packed.31.It can be learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would likeA.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patentableD.the BIO to issue a warning32.Those who are against gene patents believe thatA.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovationsD.courts should restrict access to genetic tests33.According to Hans Sauer,companies are eager to win patents for_A.establishing disease correlationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34.By saying"each meeting was packed"(line4,para6)the author means thatA.the Supreme Court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernD.lawyers were keen to attend conventions35.Generally speaking,the author's attitude toward gene patenting is.A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulText4
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