绝密★启用前2008年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(科目代码：201)☆考生注意事项☆1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名：在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效：在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚：涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。(以下信息考生必须认真填写)考生编号考生姓名Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one ofthose hypotheses that dare not speak its name.But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say itanyway.He is that 2 bird,a scientist who works independently 3 anyinstitution.He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4thought to havea bacterial cause were actually infections,which aroused much controversy when it wasfirst suggested.with another two scientists,he is publishing a paper which not only 7that onegroup of humanity is more intelligent than the others,but explains the process that hasbrought this about.The group in8 are a particular people originated fromcentral Europe.The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test,9 12-15 points above the 10 valueof 100,and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of theWest,as the 12 of their elites,including several world-renownedscientists,13.They also suffer more often than most people from a numberof nasty genetic diseases,such as breast cancer.These facts,14havepreviously been thought unrelated.The former has been 15 to social effects,such as a strong tradition of 16 education.The latter was seen as a(an)17 ofgenetic isolation.Dr.Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases areintimately 18.His argument is that the unusual history of these peoplehas 19them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted inthis 20 state of affairs.1.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]pleased2.[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare3.[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against4.[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]lately5.[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence6.[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risk英语试题(共14页)7.[A]advises[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects8.[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question9.[A]attaining[B]scoring[C]reaching[D]calculating10.[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[D]total11.[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably12.[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers13.[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[D]approve14.[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[D]meanwhile15.[A]given up[B]got over[C]carried on[D]put down16.[A]assessing[B]supervising[C]administering[D]valuing17.[A]development[B]origin[C]consequence[D]instrument18.[A]linked[B]integrated[C]woven[D]combined19.[A]limited[B]subjected[C]converted[D]directed20.[A]paradoxical[B]incompatible [C]inevitable[D]continuousSection II Reading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)英语试题2.（共14页)Text 1While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life,women appear tobe way ahead in at least one undesirable category."Women are particularlysusceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stresscompared to men,"according to Dr.Yehuda,chief psychiatrist at New York'sVeteran's Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehowaffect the stress response,causing females under stress to produce more of the triggerchemicals than do males under the same conditions.In several of the studies,whenstressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs)removed,their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals,are her increased"opportunities"for stress."It's not necessarily that women don't cope as well.It'sjust that they have so much more to cope with,"says Dr.Yehuda."Their capacity fortolerating stress may even be greater than men's,"she observes,"it's just that they'redealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly andDr.Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes."I think that the kinds ofthings that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature.Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress.Men are exposed to more acts ofrandom physical violence.The kinds of interpersonal violence that women areexposed to tend to be in domestic situations,by,unfortunately,parents or otherfamily members,and they tend not to be one-shot deals.The wear-and-tear thatcomes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son,but was determined tofinish college."I struggled a lot to get the college degree.I was living in so muchfrustration thatthat was my escape,to go to school,and get ahead and do better."Later,her marriage ended and she became a single mother."It's the hardest thing totake care of a teenager,have a job,pay the rent,pay the car payment,and pay the debt.I lived from paycheck to paycheck."Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes.But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations,with few breaks,andfeeling the strain.Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance of finding waysto diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.英语试题3.（共14页）21.Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A]Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.[B]Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.[C]Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.[D]Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.22.Dr.Yehuda's research suggests that women[A]need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.[B]have limited capacity for tolerating stress.[C]are more capable of avoiding stress.[D]are exposed to more stress.23.According to Paragraph 4,the stress women confront tends to be[A]domestic and temporary.[B]irregular and violent.[C]durable and frequent.[D]trivial and random.24.The sentence"I lived from paycheck to paycheck."(Line 6,Para.5)shows that[A]Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.[B]Alvarez's salary barely covered her household expenses.[C]Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.[D]Alvarez paid practically everything by check25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Strain of Stress:No Way Out?[B]Responses to Stress:Gender Difference[C]Stress Analysis:What Chemicals Say[D]Gender Inequality:Women Under Stress英语试题.4.（共14页）