2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Thinner isn't always better.A number of studies have1 that normal-weightpeople are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually2.Forexample,heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women.3 among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an4 of goodhealth.Of even greater_5is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficultdivided by the square of height.An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often consideredto be normal weight.Between 25 and 30 is overweight.And over 30 is considered obese.Obesity,8,can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and veryseverely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9,they are not.Obesity is probably lessa matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremelyfit,10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11.For example,many collegiate andprofessional football players 12 as obese,though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely,someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an)_14_to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight aresometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes_16_with obesityinclude laziness,lack of will power,and lower prospects forsuccess.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biasesagainst the obese._17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight,andteasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.1.[A]denied [B]conduced [C]doubled [D]ensured2.[A]protective [B]dangerous [C]sufficient [D]troublesome3.[A]Instead [B]However [C]Likewise [D]Therefore4.[A]indicator [B]objective [C]origin [D]example5.[A]impact [B]relevance [C]assistance [D]concern6.[A]in terms of [B]in case of [C]in favor of [D]in of7.[A]measures [B]determines [C]equals [D]modifies8.[A]in essence [B]in contrast [C]in turn [D]in part9.[A]complicated [B]conservative [C]variable [D]straightforward10.[A]so [B]unlike [C]since [D]unless11.[A]shape [B]spirit [C]balance [D]taste12.[A]start [B]quality [C]retire [D]stay13.[A]strange [B]changeable [C]normal [D]constant14.[A]option [B]reason [C]opportunity [D]tendency15.[A]employed [B]pictured [C]imitated [D]monitored16.[A][B]combined [C]settled [D]associated17.[A]Even [B]Still [C]Yet [D]Only18.[A]despised [B]corrected [C]ignored [D]grounded19.[A]discussions [B]businesses [C]policies [D]studies20.[A]for [B]against [C]with [D]withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1What would you do with 590m?This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie,an84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small,tin-roofed house in Floridato collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history.If she hopes her new-foundfor tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment,she could do worse than read HappyMoney by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the mostrewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive.Fantasies of great wealth ofteninvolve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.Yet satisfaction with thesematerial purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomesold-hat;regret creeps in.It is far better to spend money on experiences,say Ms Dumnand Mr Norton,like interesting trips,unique meals or even going to the cinema.Thesepurchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularlyif they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winnersget the most "happiness bang for your buck.It seems most people would be better offif they could shorten their commutes to work,spend more time with friends and familyand less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whoppingtwo months a year doing,and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charityis often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself,and luxuries are mostenjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.This is apparently the reason MacDonald'srestricts the availability of its popular McRib -a marketing trick that has turnedthe pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of "HappyMoney"are clearly a privileged lot,anxious about fulfillment,not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness,but people in wealthier countries aregenerally happier than those in poor ones.Yet the link between feeling good andspending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world,andscarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.Not everyone will agreewith the authors'policy ideas,which range from mandating more holiday time toreducing tax incentives for American homebuyers.But most people will come away fromthis book believing it was money well spent.21.According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewardingpurchase?[A]A big house[B]A special tour[C]A stylish car[D]A rich meal22.The author's attitude toward Americans'watching TV is[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous23.Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that[A]consumers are sometimes irrational[B]popularity usually comes after quality[C]marketing tricks are after effective[D]rarity generally increases pleasure24.According to the last paragraph,Happy Money[A]has left much room for readers'criticism[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement25.This text mainly discusses how to[A]balance feeling good and spending money[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that,actually,you think you're more beautiful than you are.We have a deep-seated needto feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancingstrategies to research into what the call the "above average effect",or "illusorysuperiority",and shown that,for example,70%of us rate ourselves as above averagein leadership,93%in driving and 85%at getting on well with others-all obviouslystatistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations.Webecome defensive when criticized,and apply negative stereotypes to others to boostour own esteem,we stalk around thinking we're hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying intoself-enhancement and attractiveness.Rather that have people simply rate their beautycompress with others,he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselvesfrom a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and lessattractive.Visual recognition,reads the study,is "an automatic psychologicalprocess occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent consciousdeliberation".If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image-which mustdid-they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significantgender difference in responses.Nor was there any evidence that,those who self-enhancethe must (that is,the participants who thought the most positively doctored picturewere real)were doing so to make up for profound insecurities.In fact those who thoughtthat the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly correspondedwith those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem."I don't thinkthe findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion",says Epley."It's a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves'.If youare depressed,you won't be self-enhancing.Knowing the results of Epley 's study,itmakes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level,they don't even recognise the person in the picture as themselves,Facebooktherefore,is a self-enhancer's paradise,where people can share only the mostflattering photos,the cream of their wit,style,beauty,intellect and lifestyle it'snot that people's profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of Wiscon-Madisonuniversity but they portray an idealized version of themselves.26.According to the first paragraph,social psychologist have found that[A]our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B]illusory superiority is baseless effect[c]our need for leadership is unnatural[D]self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27.Visual recognition is believed to be people'[A]rapid watching[B]conscious choice[C]intuitive response