绝密★启用前2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）(科目代码：201)☆考生注意事项☆1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名：在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效：在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚：涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。(以下信息考生必须认真填写)考生编号考生姓名Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems,digital maps,and other navigationapps are available on our smartphones.1 of us just walk straight into the woodswithout a phone.But phones 2 on batteries,and batteries can die faster than werealize.3 you get lost without a phone or a compass,and you 4 can't findnorth,we have a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization,one of which isto follow the land.When you find yourself well 6a trail,but not in a completely 7 area,youhave to answer two questions:Which 8 is downhill,in this particular area?Andwhere is the nearest water source?Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys,and onsupplies of fresh water.9,if you head downhill,and follow any H2O you find,youshould 10 see signs of people.If you've explored the area before,keep an eye out for familiar sights-you maybe 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12:Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.13,even in dense forest,you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads,train tracks,and other paths people carve 15the woods.Head towardthese 16 to find a way out.At night,scan the horizon for 17 light sources,suchas fires and streetlights,then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18,assuming you're lost in an area humans tend to frequent,look forthe 19 we leave on the landscape.Trail blazes,tire tracks,and other featurescan 20 you to civilization.英语试题.1.（共14页）1.[A]Some[B]Most[C]Few2.[A]put[B]take[C]run[D]come3.[A]Since[B]If[C]Though[D]Until4.[A]formally[B]relatively[C]gradually[D]literally5.[A]back[B]next[C]around[D]away6.[A]onto[B]off[C]across[D]alone7.[A]unattractive[B]uncrowded[C]unchanged[D]unfamiliar8.[A]site[B]point[C]way[D]place9.[A]So[B]Yet[C]Instead[D]Besides10.[A]immediately[B]intentionally[C]unexpectedly[D]eventually11.[A]surprised[B]annoyed[C]frightened[D]confused12.[A]problem[B]option[C]view[D]result13.[A]Above all[B]In contrast[C]On average[D]For example14.[A]bridge[B]avoid[C]spot[D]separate15.[A]from[B]through[C]beyond[D]under16.[A]posts[B]links[C]shades[D]breaks17.[A]artificial[B]mysterious[C]hidden[D]limited18.[A]Finally[B]Consequently[C]Incidentally[D]Generally19.[A]memories[B]marks[C]notes[D]belongings20.[A]restrict[B]adopt[C]lead[D]exposeSection IⅡReading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B.C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)英语试题.2.（共14页)Text 1Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bossesof big banks.Starting next year,any guaranteed bonus of top executives could bedelayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing.The mainpurpose of this"clawback"rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-takingand to restore public trust in financial institutions.Yet officials also hope for a muchlarger benefit:more long-term decisionmaking,not only by banks but by allcorporations,to build a stronger economy for future generations."Short-termism"or the desire for quick profits,has worsened in publicly tradedcompanies,says the Bank of England's top economist,Andrew Haldane.He quotes agiant of classical economics,Alfred Marshall,in describing this financial impatienceas acting like"children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once"rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain,henotes,has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades.Transientinvestors,who demand high quarterly profits from companies,can hinder a firm'sefforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty.This has beendubbed“quarterly capitalism.”In addition,new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities,quicker use of information,and thus shorter attention spans in financial markets."There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense oflong-term investing,"said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities andExchange Commission in a speech this week.In the US,the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies todefer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year,slightly helpingreduce "short-termism."In its latest survey of CEO pay,The Wall Street Journal findsthat"a substantial part"of executive pay is now tied to performance.Much more could be done to encourage "long-termism,"such as changes in thetax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions.In France,shareholders whohold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn morevoting rights in a company.Within companies,the right compensation design can provide incentives forexecutives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of allstakeholders.Britain's new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest intheir performance,not just for the short term but for the long term.英语试题.3.（共14页）21.According to Paragraph 1,one motive in imposing the new rule is to[A]enhance bankers'sense of responsibility.[B]help corporations achieve larger profits.[C]build a new system of financial regulation.[D]guarantee the bonuses of top executives.22.Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate[A]the conditions for generating quick profits.[B]governments'impatience in decision-making.[C]the solid structure of publicly traded companies.[D]“short-termism'”in economic activities.23.It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be[A]indirect.[B]adverse.[C]minimal.[D]temporary.24.The US and France examples are used to illustrate[A]the obstacles to preventing"short-termism".[B]the significance of long-term thinking.[C]the approaches to promoting"long-termism".[D]the prevalence of short-term thinking.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Failure of Quarterly Capitalism[B]Patience as a Corporate Virtue[C]Decisiveness Required of Top Executives[D]Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers英语试题.4.（共14页）